@duh – (1) you can think of “case” class as syntactic sugar for allowing the concept of algebraic data types and deconstruction required for fp matching. google the paper, then the light will come on. (2) multiple return types – supsect? your logic makes no sense. if you’ve ever returned an object, then you’ve likely returned a type with multiple values emboldened within it. don’t let scala’s new way of looking at things scare you. the research to combine fp and OO behind scala is solid.